Labor Force: Contrary to popular belief, the pyramids were not built by slaves but by skilled laborers, craftsmen, and seasonal workers who were well-fed and housed.
Materials: The pyramids were primarily built using limestone, granite, and other local materials. Massive stone blocks were quarried and transported to the site.
Transportation: Stones were moved using sledges and rolled on logs or dragged across the ground, with water sometimes poured to reduce friction.
Ramp Systems: Workers likely used various types of ramps—straight, zigzag, or spiral—to lift the heavy stones into place as the pyramid grew taller.
Tools and Techniques: Simple tools like copper chisels, hammers, and wooden levers were used, along with innovative techniques for cutting and shaping the stones.
Timeframe: The construction of a pyramid like the Great Pyramid of Giza could take around 20 years, depending on the size and labor available.